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Ovarian Cancer, Granulosa Cell Tumours: New technologies identifying ovarian cancer The main focus of this group's ovarian cancer research is to examine the genetic changes that lead to the development of ovarian cancer. Using micro-array technology (made possible by the support of the National Australia Bank Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation and the retailer, Witchery), the Institute has been able to extend research to look at very large numbers of genes. In particular to identify the genes that play a role in cell death. The aim is to identify genes that are unique to ovarian cancer and therefore may be candidates for a screening test to detect ovarian cancer in its early stages. In addition, scientists at the Institute are attempting to measure inhibin levels in mucinous tumours, one of the most common types of ovarian cancers. Blood measurement of inhibin combined with CA125, as mentioned above, has been shown to be effective in the detection of ovarian cancers. Using laser capture microdissection technology (again made possible with support from the NAB OCRF), scientists are able to isolate different types of cells. In the past, only whole sections of cancer could be analysed. Scientists at Prince Henry’s Institute can now separate out the different types of cells that make up ovarian cancer and investigate their gene expression patterns individually. This technology greatly assists the Institute’s goal to find an early detection marker for ovarian cancer. Granulosa cell tumours Research by Prince Henry’s Institute has focused particularly on the granulosa cell tumour of the ovary. Although accounting for only 5 – 10 per cent of ovarian cancers, they have a unique behaviour requiring specific study. Scientists at the Institute are world leaders in the molecular characterisation of granulosa cell tumours. These scientists are working to identify the genes that are exhibiting abnormal behaviour either encouraging growth of the tumour or failing to stop it. Of particular interest is the role of hormones, especially estrogen, in these tumours. Both human tissue and tissue cells in culture are being used in these studies. This molecular understanding will help to predict prognosis (whether the disease will relapse) and to develop specific targeted treatments.
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